台湾心理学

8月 8, 2009

TAIWAN. 台湾心理学
作者：台湾大学心理系黄光国教授 翻译：Sweetybay
原文：Encyclopedia of psychology, Vol. 8 p2

The first psychology laboratory in Taiwan was established in 1928 at Taipei Imperial University,formerly National Taiwan University (NTU), by two Japanese professors, Linuma and Rikimaru, to study the folk psychology of aborigines. This was during the period when Japan was aggressively seeking to colonize its neighbors to the south (e.g., the Philippines). The psychological research was intended to serve the expansionist Japanese government’s drive southward.When Taiwan was restored to Nationalist China at the end of World War 11, all Japanese were sent back to Japan. The first department of psychology was founded at NTU (which had reverted to its original name) in 1949 by Professor Hsiang-yu Su, a graduate of Beijing University, who was a philosopher by training.

台湾第一个心理学实验室由2名日本教授–饭诏龙远教授和力丸慈圆副教授（Linuma and Rikimaru,译者注：均毕业于东京帝国大学）于1928年建立在台北帝国大学（台湾国立大学前身 NTU），目的是研究土著居民的大众心理。该时期，日本正试图殖民化其南方的临近国家（即一直到菲律宾一带）。这些心理学研究的目的是为日本政府扩张主义者的“南进政策”服务的。当台湾被中国国民党光复后，所有的日本人回到了日本。台湾大学（NTU）心理系是由毕业于北京大学哲学系的苏芗雨教授于1949年组建。

Most professors teaching psychology at colleges or universities during the 1950s were intellectual refugees who had escaped from different provinces of mainland China. Along with some local professors, they resumed the activities of the Chinese Association of Psychological Testing (CAPT) and the Chinese Association for Mental Hygiene (renamed as Mental Health Association in Taiwan, MHAT, since 1992) in I951 and 1955 respectively.They also organized a Chinese Psychological Association (CPA) in 1953. These three organizations constitute the main bodies of the professional association of psychology on Taiwan. and each of them publishes an official journal: Psychological Testing (CAPT),Chinese Journal of Mental Health (MHAT), and Chinese Journal of Psychology (CPA).

上世纪50年代，在大学或学院任教的很多教授是从中国大陆不同省份避难的知识分子。他们与本地教授一起，分别于1951年和1955年恢复了中国测验学会（中国台湾，Chinese Association of Psychological Testing (CAPT)）和中国心理卫生协会（Chinese Association for Mental Hygiene，1992年改名为台湾中华卫生协会（Mental Health Association in Taiwan, MHAT））的学术活动。1953年，建立了中华心理学会（中国台湾，Chinese Psychological Association，CPA）。这3个组织构成了台湾心理学专业协会的主体，他们每个组织都出版一种专业期刊分别是：测量学刊（Psychological Testing，CAPT），中华心理卫生学刊（Chinese Journal of Mental Health，MHAT），中华心理学刊（Chinese Journal of Psychology，CPA）。

译者注：中华心理学会（Chinese Psychological Association） 原也称为中国心理学会，2003年开始改名为台湾心理学会（Taiwanese Psychological Association）。

Since Nationalist China was defeated in the Civil War and retreated to this island in 1949, Taiwan had held a chair in the United Nations as the Republic of China and maintained an allied relationship with the United States until the early 1970s. The history of the close connection with the United States has made Taiwan highly dependent on America for educational and academic resources: American textbooks or their translations are widely used in colleges or universities, many teachers were educated in America, and many graduate students also choose American institutions for advanced studies. As a consequence, psychological research in Taiwan is very Americanized: Most scholars find research topics from “hot issues” published in American journals, they apply Western instruments and research methodology to Chinese subjects, and attempt to interpret their research findings in terms of popular American theories. A few of them are able to make breakthroughs in their research and publish their articles in international journals, while most findings of “plain” research are published in local journals.Taiwan was expelled from the United Nations in 1971, and Chiang Ching-kuo assumed the post of prime minister the next year. He pushed forward the Ten Construction Projects providing infrastructure for rapid economic development thereafter. As a result of industrialization and urbanization, new social problems emerged and called unceasingly for solutions, the social demand for psychologists increased, and many universities began to provide programs for training students in psychology. The population of the psychology community expanded, and the number of published articles accumulated very rapidly. Some scholars began to doubt the adequacy of implementing Western paradigms of research in Chinese society In December 1981, Academia Sinica sponsored a conference on “Sinicization of Social and Behavioral Sciences.” Some social scientists succinctly criticized the popular style of empirical research which mindlessly followed Western paradigms. and Professor Kuo-shu Yang proposed several guidelines for the sinicization of psychological research in Chinese society. However, because each subfield of psychology has its own research tradition for exploring the human mind. their responses to his calling for indigenization have differed.

中国国民党在内战失败后，从1949年撤出中国大陆到上世纪70年代早期，台湾保有中国在联合国的席位，并保留与美国的外交关系。由于与美国的这段“亲密”历史，台湾高度依赖于美国的教育和学术资源：美国的教科书或者其译作在大学或学院中被广泛采用，很多教师在美国接受教育，并且很多毕业生也选择美国院校继续深造。其结果是：台湾的心理学研究很大程度的美国化：很多学者从美国出版的期刊中寻找热点的研究问题，他们使用西方的工具和研究方式进行有关中国的研究，并试图使用美国流行理论诠释他们的研究发现。他们中的一部分在研究中获得突破从而在国际期刊上发表论文，而同时更多“平淡”的研究被发表于本地期刊上。1971年，台湾被驱逐出联合国，第2年，蒋经国担任了台湾地区负责人。他推动了十大建设工程（Ten Construction Projects），为经济快速发展提供基础。由于工业化和城市化，新的社会问题浮现，对这些问题解决方式的需求，使得心理学家的社会需要增加，一些大学开始提供心理学课程。心理学团体随之扩展，发表的相关论文激增。一些学者开始怀疑在中国社会应用西方研究范式的适当性。1981年12月，台湾中央研究院（Academia Sinica）发起了有关“社会和行为科学中国化”（Sinicization of Social and Behavioral Sciences）的会议。一些社会科学家批评无批判的追随西方经验研究的范式，杨国枢教授提出了在中国社会进行心理研究中国化的多条原则。然而，由于心理学各个分支在探索人类心智过程中有各自的研究传统，他们对于这个提议有着不同的反应。

辅助信息：

1。苏芗雨

民國35年

台大哲學系主任方東美先生，見日據台北帝國大學的心理學研究室遺留心理學書籍4000冊，學報1500冊，實驗儀器150件，遂提議當時任教該系的蘇薌雨先生籌辦心理學系。

民國38年

教育部批准設系，隸屬於理學院，由蘇薌雨先生任系主任。本年招生11名。系所暫借文學院大樓後進哲學系之西半。計有圖書室、實驗室、教室各一間。創系的宗旨 是(一)培植堅實的心理學專業人才，以服務人群與貢獻社會與(二)積極的開發我國的心理學術，使心理學成為一門理論與實用兼備的學科。創系之初，教員中除 了蘇先生之外，還有陳大齊、鄭發育與湯冠英等教授，職員有鄭雪英女士、陳台火育先生。

http://www.psy.ntu.edu.tw:8080/history.php

2，台湾心理学出版期刊

期刊名稱 學門類別 出版者
中華心理學刊 / Chinese Journal of Psychology 心理學門 中華心理學會
台灣精神醫學 / Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry 心理學門 中 華 民 國精神醫學會
教育心理學報 / Bulletin of Educational Psychology 心理學門 國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系
Indigenous Psychological Research in Chinese Societies
本土心理學研究 心理學門 國立臺灣大學心理學系本土心理學研究室
測驗學刊 / Psychological Testing 心理學門 中國測驗學會

http://ssrc.sinica.edu.tw:8080/ssrc/search8859/d-1.jsp

3，中华心理学刊：

【國內訂購】

　每卷定價（新台幣）：1,500元。零購過期之價格

4，翻译参考文献：

台灣臨床心理學的濫觴、發展與願景 柯永河(Yung-Ho Ko) 應用心理研究 40期(2008/12) 29-58

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