研究发现：为什么我们在饱食后会继续进食？

2月 1, 2010

科学日报（2009年12月28日）–“当我们饥饿时，食物将看上去更诱人”是一种被广泛接受的信念–只要问一下那些饿着肚子在食品店货架前浏览的人们，他们回家时是带着满满的篮子和空空的钱包。

Why Some Continue to Eat When Full: Researchers Find Clues
研究发现：为什么我们在饱食后会继续进食？
译者：danny 提交日期：2010年1月9日

ScienceDaily (Dec. 28, 2009) — The premise that hunger makes food look more appealing is a widely held belief — just ask those who cruise grocery store aisles on an empty stomach, only to go home with a full basket and an empty wallet.?

科学日报（2009年12月28日）–“当我们饥饿时，食物将看上去更诱人”是一种被广泛接受的信念–只要问一下那些饿着肚子在食品店货架前浏览的人们，他们回家时是带着满满的篮子和空空的钱包。

Prior research studies have suggested that the so-called hunger hormone ghrelin, which the body produces when it’s hungry, might act on the brain to trigger this behavior. New research in mice by UT Southwestern Medical Center scientists suggest that ghrelin might also work in the brain to make some people keep eating “pleasurable” foods when they’re already full.

之前的研究认为：当我们饿的时候，身体会产生荷尔蒙，即所谓“饥饿荷尔蒙（ghrelin）”，作用于大脑促使我们实施这种行为。德州大学西南医学中心（UT Southwestern Medical Center）科学家们的新研究认为：大脑中的饥饿荷尔蒙，也可以促使人们在饱食后，依然摄入令他们“愉悦”的食物。

“What we show is that there may be situations where we are driven to seek out and eat very rewarding foods, even if we’re full, for no other reason than our brain tells us to,” said Dr. Jeffrey Zigman, assistant professor of internal medicine and psychiatry at UT Southwestern and co-senior author of the study appearing online and in a future edition of Biological Psychiatry.

德州大学西南医学中心（UT Southwestern）内科和精神科助理教授、该研究在线版本以及将出版的《生物精神病学（Biological Psychiatry）》的资深合作作者Jeffrey Zigman博士说：“我们所显示的是我们被驱使寻找和食用很美味的食物，即使我们已经饱了，那只有一个原因，就是我们的大脑指挥我们这么做”。

Scientists previously have linked increased levels of ghrelin to intensifying the rewarding or pleasurable feelings one gets from cocaine or alcohol. Dr. Zigman said his team speculated that ghrelin might also increase specific rewarding aspects of eating.

科学家之前已经将饥饿荷尔蒙的增长水平与从可卡因或酒精中获得奖励和愉悦感增强相关联。Zigman博士说：他的研究团队推测饥饿荷尔蒙，可能也可以加强在饮食方面特定的奖赏强度。

Rewards, he said, generally can be defined as things that make us feel better.

他说：奖赏的意思是可以让我们感觉更好的事物.

“They give us sensory pleasure, and they motivate us to work to obtain them,” he said. “They also help us reorganize our memory so that we remember how to get them.”

他说：“这些给我们感官愉悦，诱惑我们努力得到这些，也帮我们重组记忆以便使我们记得如何得到这一切。”

Dr. Mario Perello, postdoctoral researcher in internal medicine and lead author of the current study, said the idea was to determine “why someone who is stuffed from lunch still eats — and wants to eat — that high-calorie dessert.”

内科学博士后和该研究的主要作者Mario Perello博士说：我们的想法是确定“为什么当一个人午餐吃饱了，却还在吃，而且还要吃高卡路里的甜点（high-calorie dessert）。”

For this study, the researchers conducted two standard behavioral tests. In the first, they evaluated whether mice that were fully sated preferred a room where they had previously found high-fat food over one that had only offered regular bland chow. They found that when mice in this situation were administered ghrelin, they strongly preferred the room that had been paired with the high-fat diet. Mice without ghrelin showed no preference.

在本研究中，研究者使用了2种标准行为测试。其一，他们评估老鼠是否在饱食后偏好曾经提供过高脂肪食物的房间，还是只提供规律清淡食物的房间。他们发现当老鼠被给予饥饿荷尔蒙时，他们会强烈的偏好曾经提供过高脂肪饮食的房间。而没有饥饿荷尔蒙的老鼠，则未显示这种偏好。

“We think the ghrelin prompted the mice to pursue the high-fat chow because they remembered how much they enjoyed it,” Dr. Perello said. “It didn’t matter that the room was now empty; they still associated it with something pleasurable.”

Perello 博士说：“我们认为饥饿荷尔蒙促使老鼠寻求高脂肪食物，因为他们记得他们很喜欢这些。与房间是否放置食物无关，他们依然会把这个地方与愉悦相联系。”

The researchers also found that blocking the action of ghrelin, which is normally secreted into the bloodstream upon fasting or caloric restriction, prevented the mice from spending as much time in the room they associated with the high-fat food.

研究者也发现：阻断在禁食或热量摄入限制时，正常分泌入血液的饥饿荷尔蒙，将导致老鼠不会在它们认为与高脂肪食物有关的房间内耗费大量时间。

For the second test, the team observed how long mice would continue to poke their noses into a hole in order to receive a pellet of high-fat food. “The animals that didn’t receive ghrelin gave up much sooner than the ones that did receive ghrelin,” Dr. Zigman said.

在第二个研究中，研究团队观察为了得到一点高脂肪食物，老鼠会在多长时间内不断用鼻子嗅探？Dr. Zigman 说：“未接受饥饿荷尔蒙的动物将比接受的动物更快放弃搜寻。”

Humans and mice share the same type of brain-cell connections and hormones, as well as similar architectures in the so-called “pleasure centers” of the brain. In addition, the behavior of the mice in this study is consistent with pleasure- or reward-seeking behavior seen in other animal studies of addiction, Dr. Zigman said.

Zigman 博士说：人类和老鼠共享相同类型的脑细胞联结和荷尔蒙，而且大脑结构中也有着相似的所谓“快乐中枢（pleasure centers）”。另外，在本研究中的老鼠行为与其他成瘾研究中所见的动物寻求快乐或奖赏的行为相似。

The next step, Dr. Perello said, is to determine which neural circuits in the brain regulate ghrelin’s actions.

Perello 博士说：下一步，是确定大脑中控制饥饿荷尔蒙活动的神经回路。

Other UT Southwestern researchers involved in the study were Dr. Ichiro Sakata, postdoctoral researcher in internal medicine; Dr. Shari Birnbaum, assistant professor of psychiatry; Dr. Jen-Chieh Chuang, postdoctoral researcher in internal medicine; Sherri Osborne-Lawrence, senior research scientist; Sherry Rovinsky, research assistant in internal medicine; Jakub Woloszyn, medical student; Dr. Masashi Yanagisawa, professor of molecular genetics and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator; and Dr. Michael Lutter, co- senior author and assistant professor of psychiatry.

其他德州大学西南医学中心的研究者包括内科博士后Ichiro Sakata、精神科助理教授Shari Birnbaum、内科博士后Jen-Chieh Chuang、资深研究学者Sherri Osborne-Lawrence、内科研究助手Sherry Rovinsky、医学学生Jakub Woloszyn、霍华德休斯医学研究所专家和分子遗传学教授Masashi Yanagisawa、精神科助理教授和资深合作作者Michael Lutter。

The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, the Foundation for Prader-Willi Research, and the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression.

本研究得到了美国国立卫生研究院(the NationalInstitutes of Health,NIH)、Prader-Willi研究基金（Foundation for Prader-Willi Research）、国家精神分裂和抑郁症研究联盟（National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression）的支持。

原文来源：sciencedaily.com

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